Įlectronic warfare self-protection (EWSP) is a suite of countermeasure systems fitted primarily to aircraft for the purpose of protecting the host from weapons fire and can include, among others: directional infrared countermeasures ( DIRCM, flare systems and other forms of infrared countermeasures for protection against infrared missiles chaff (protection against radar-guided missiles) and DRFM decoy systems (protection against radar-targeted anti-aircraft weapons).Īn electronic warfare tactics range (EWTR) is a practice range that provides training for personnel operating in electronic warfare. Other examples of EP include spread spectrum technologies, the use of restricted frequency lists, emissions control ( EMCON), and low observability (stealth) technology. While defensive EA actions (jamming) and EP (defeating jamming) both protect personnel, facilities, capabilities, and equipment, EP protects from the effects of EA (friendly and/or adversary). The use of flare rejection logic in the guidance (seeker head) of an infrared homing missile to counter an adversary's use of flares is an example of EP. The effectiveness of electronic protection (EP) level is the ability to counter an electronic attack (EA).įlares are often used to distract infrared homing missiles from missing their target. Main article: Electronic counter-countermeasureĮlectronic protection (EP), also known as an electronic protective measure (EPM) or electronic counter-countermeasure (ECCM) are a measure used to protect against an electronic enemy attack (EA) or to protect against friendly forces who unintentionally deploy the equivalent of an electronic attack on friendly forces. Subdivisions Įlectronic warfare consists of three major subdivisions: electronic attack (EA), electronic protection (EP), and electronic warfare support (ES). Activities used in EW include electro-optical, infrared and radio frequency countermeasures EM compatibility and deception radio jamming, radar jamming and deception and electronic counter-countermeasures (or anti-jamming) electronic masking, probing, reconnaissance, and intelligence electronic security EW reprogramming emission control spectrum management and wartime reserve modes. Primary EW activities have been developed over time to exploit the opportunities and vulnerabilities that are inherent in the physics of EM energy. Subsequently, NATO has issued EW policy and doctrine and is addressing the other NATO defense lines of development. Besides EW, other EM operations include intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance (ISTAR), and signals intelligence (SIGINT). The use of the traditional NATO EW terms, electronic countermeasures (ECM), electronic protective measures (EPM), and electronic support measures (ESM) has been retained as they contribute to and support electronic attack (EA), electronic defense (ED) and electronic surveillance (ES). For example, an electronic attack (EA) is offensive use of EM energy, electronic defense (ED), and electronic surveillance (ES). ![]() NATO has adopted simplified language which parallels those used in other warfighting environments like maritime, land, and air/space. In NATO, EW is considered to be warfare in the EME. A military committee conceptual document from 2007 ( MCM_01 Military Committee Transformation Concept for Future NATO Electronic Warfare) recognised the EME as an operational maneuver space and warfighting environment/domain. NATO has a different and arguably more encompassing and comprehensive approach to EW. Within the information operations construct, EW is an element of information warfare more specifically, it is an element of offensive and defensive counterinformation. The recognized need for military forces to have unimpeded access to and use of the electromagnetic environment creates vulnerabilities and opportunities for electronic warfare in support of military operations. ![]() The electromagnetic spectrum portion of the information environment is referred to as the electromagnetic environment (EME). Military operations are executed in an information environment increasingly complicated by the electromagnetic spectrum. EW can be applied from air, sea, land, and/or space by crewed and uncrewed systems and can target communication, radar, or other military and civilian assets. ![]() The purpose of electronic warfare is to deny the opponent the advantage of-and ensure friendly unimpeded access to-the EM spectrum. ![]() Electronic warfare ( EW) is any action involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM spectrum) or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede enemy assaults.
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